PMS symptoms in women 40 years old. Premenstrual syndrome - symptoms, causes, treatment

02.03.2022

With the onset of premenstrual syndrome, about 75% of females experience various ailments that appear a few days before the onset of the cycle. Therefore, any little thing can cause premenstrual irritability during PMS. If a hundred years ago such a phenomenon was under a veil of mystery, then today doctors know how to get rid of PMS or get an investment.

Unpleasant symptoms

Since the body of each woman is individual, premenstrual syndrome begins to appear 1-14 days before the onset of menstruation. Therefore, the main symptoms of PMS are:

arises;
the mammary glands become coarse and acquire a state of soreness;
swelling occurs and thirst increases;
there is an unstable heart rhythm and pain in the region of the heart;
appetite completely disappears or, conversely, increases;
there is a feeling of nausea and dizziness;
sometimes there is a chill or rises sharply;
allergic rashes appear;
there is constipation or diarrhea;
acne appears;
noticeable weight gain.

In addition to the physical manifestation of discomfort, one has to deal with such symptoms of PMS as:

the first signs of PMS are irascibility, nervousness, irritability;
memory impairment;
increased tearing;
sleep disturbance;
increase or decrease in libido (sexuality).

Usually, relief comes after the onset of menstruation. Often, people who are engaged in mental work or who have chronic illnesses are familiar with PMS.

What caused

The good functioning of a woman's body directly depends on the balance between sex hormones - progesterone, androgen and estrogen. With the onset of the premenstrual period, their imbalance occurs, causing certain symptoms.

There are other factors that provoke the appearance of PMS syndrome:

Lack of magnesium.
Insufficient amount of vitamin B6.
Smoking.
Excess weight.
Decreased serotonin levels.
Heredity.
Complications during abortions, difficult childbirth, gynecological diseases and stressful conditions.

To relieve PMS, you can drink medications. However, if a woman has a severe form of premenstrual syndrome, then hormonal drugs are used as therapy.

How to relieve PMS

Premenstrual syndrome is considered to be only a woman's ailment, so there are several steps that point to how to relieve PMS.

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Visit a specialist:

gynecologist;
neurologist;
endocrinologist.

You should start taking medications 2-3 days before the start of PMS, focusing on the severity and duration of pain:

with severe pain - antispasmodic drugs;
medicines aimed at restoring the activity of the autonomic nervous system;
sedatives for the normalization of the central nervous system - tablets of plant origin: motherwort, mint, valerian, peppermint;
it is possible to take oral contraceptives that eliminate discomfort even on the eve of critical days;
against severe bleeding, a decoction of raspberry leaves is considered an effective remedy.

The key rule is to follow the basic principles of nutrition a couple of days before the onset of menstruation:

do not abuse strongly strong tea and coffee;
fluid intake is not more than 1.5 liters per day;
eat less salty food;
reduce the intake of foods rich in calcium;
reduce the amount of fatty foods in the diet;
it is recommended not to use spices, hot spices and alcoholic products;
reduce meat and dairy products to the minimum portions.

Especially important is the intake of multivitamins, including A, B, E.
As a prevention of PMS, a woman's body needs proper rest and sleep.
Walk more often in the fresh air and exclude heavy physical labor.
It is advisable not to smoke.
Taking a contrast shower in the morning and evening will reduce stress.
Exclude feelings.
It is forbidden to visit the bath and sauna both before PMS and during menstruation.

Treatment

Every woman is familiar with the symptoms of the premenstrual period and should know how to relieve the condition during PMS. The main measure is the therapy of chronic diseases, such as:

problems with the gastrointestinal tract;
disorders of a nervous nature and other diseases present in the anatomy of the individual.

It is also necessary to maintain a healthy lifestyle, the use of vitamin and mineral complexes.

In other cases, treatment is focused on getting rid of the symptoms of PMS before the menstrual period.

medicines

Sometimes there come times when medication is the only right solution to relieve PMS. As painkillers are used:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs:

Aspirin;
Paracetamol;
ibuprofen;
indometracin;
Piroxicam;
Ketoprofen;
Naproxen;
Ketolong.

Spasm medications:

Papaverine;
Buscopan;
No-shpa;
Drotaverin.

Analgesics:

Analgin;
Spazmalgon;
Peretin;
Minalgin;
Baralgin.

Tablets that relieve PMS are used according to the instructions. For example, antispasmodics begin to act after 20 minutes, analgesics, which act as relief drugs for PMS, relieve pain after 7 minutes.

Read also 🗓 Can there be white discharge before menstruation

An equally important role is played by sedative pills. Often such remedies and infusions consist of medicinal herbs:

Herb motherwort;
Valerian;
Glod;
Novo-passit.

In more severe cases, antidepressants such as glycine are used.

The most effective medications for the treatment of PMS are hormonal drugs:

Duphaston, Utrozhestan;
Contraceptives: Logest, Yarina, Janine;
If a woman feels discomfort in the area of the mammary glands, then Danazol is used;
Buserelin, Zoladex act on the principle of turning off the function of the ovaries, leading to the rapid annulment of PMS symptoms;
At the time of the onset of the premenopausal period, Dostinex, Parlodel are often prescribed.

In case of edema, a specialist prescribes diuretics for treatment, with high blood pressure - antihypertensive drugs, during the manifestation of an allergic rash - antihistamines.

Treatment at home

Most females at home manage to alleviate PMS with folk remedies. Only in critical cases resort to the help of doctors. Also help:

Taking a bath. Bathing in a warm bath helps relieve tension, relax muscles, and soothe pain.
Foot bath. In this case, the composition of the decoction includes: lemon balm, chamomile, cudweed. Add a few drops to water. The procedure improves blood circulation, relieves spasms, soothes and relaxes.
Relaxation to music.
Doing what you love.
The use of tea from: lemon balm, mint, thyme, elderberry.

To alleviate the condition and normalize the menstrual cycle, the following fees are used:

A decoction is being prepared with the addition of 3 tablespoons of chamomile, 1.5 tbsp. spoons of melissa and yarrow. For the day, the reception is divided into 3 stages;
Used 2 tbsp. spoons of acacia leaves and fever. The mixture is poured with boiling water and infused for ¼ hour. Such a medicinal tea should be consumed within a week before the onset of menstruation.

Reduces bleeding and spotting infusion of 0.5 tsp. knotweed, 1 tsp lungwort with the addition of 1 tbsp. spoons of chamomile, yarrow and horsetail. After adding boiling water, the mixture is steamed for several minutes. Take 1 glass before bed.

To get rid of PMS, you need to start eating foods containing calcium (spinach, cabbage, parsley, lettuce) a week before the onset of critical days and stick to a diet.

Treatment after 40-45 years

PMS continues to function in women after a decrease in childbearing function. This period is considered the most dangerous. Therefore, the relief of PMS at the age of 40 is a complex treatment:

According to statistics, more than 80% of all girls and women in the world know what PMS means. Most often, the manifestation of the syndrome occurs in the age range from 20 to 40 years. In rare cases, the harbingers of menstruation manifest themselves in a severe form, so the fairer sex usually does not go to the gynecologist with complaints. But the aggravation of PMS symptoms in women from month to month makes it necessary to consult a doctor, because this can be a sign of health problems.

Origin theories

Specialists from the field of medicine have been conducting research for a long time, which have not been able to help identify the cause of the appearance of premenstrual syndrome. There are many theories about its origin. Among them:

Hormonal.
Violation of the water-salt balance.
Psychosomatic.
Allergic reaction to endogenous progesterone.

If you believe the hormonal theory, then the manifestation of signs of the premenstrual period occurs due to changes in the level of sex hormones in the woman's blood in the second phase of the cycle. For the normal functioning of the body, the patient needs a stable hormonal background, which includes:

After ovulation, that is, in the second phase of the cycle, a change in the hormonal background in the female body occurs. Therefore, adherents of the theory believe that the cause of PMS is an incorrect reaction of the brain regions that are responsible for changing emotional mood and behavior to natural changes in the concentration of sex hormones. This feature is a hereditary predisposition.

Somatic and psycho-vegetative disorders before the onset of critical days occur due to the unstable state of the endocrine system. At the same time, the level of hormones, which may be normal, is not a decisive factor. Responsible for changing mood and behavior are:

Features and stages

As a rule, over the years, the risk of increasing PMS, which means premenstrual syndrome, only increases. Residents of big cities are more susceptible to the appearance of the syndrome than rural women. About 90% of sexually mature girls notice a number of minor changes in their body and body. They begin to appear before the onset of critical days. This usually happens 7-10 days before the onset of spotting.

In some, the symptoms appear in a mild form without affecting their usual life. Mild PMS does not require the intervention of a doctor and the appointment of treatment. Others can hardly tolerate the symptoms that appear, which proceed in a severe form. This condition requires a mandatory visit to a medical institution for professional help. The cyclic feature of the occurrence of a number of symptoms makes it possible to understand that this is PMS, and not some kind of disease.

Severe phenomena in the physical and emotional state of a woman, which are observed before the onset of menstruation, immediately stop with the onset of blood discharge. If unpleasant symptoms persist throughout the entire menstrual cycle, then you need to contact a gynecologist. The fact is that this can be a sign of a serious pathology in the reproductive system. In a difficult emotional state, it is recommended to consult a psychotherapist.

Experts divide PMS into 3 stages:

In most cases, PMS is considered a natural phenomenon, so women do not complain to their doctor. The sensations before menstruation and at the beginning of pregnancy are very similar, so girls often confuse them. Severe pain and reluctance to go to the hospital force them to take not only painkillers, but also antidepressants without consulting a specialist. Medicines of this group really help relieve pain, but without the necessary therapy, PMS can go into a more severe stage - decompensated.

The manifestation of signs of premenstrual syndrome captures all systems of a woman's body, so they are often confused with the course of other diseases. This leads to the fact that girls seek help from the wrong specialists, for example, a neurologist or a therapist, and do not receive proper treatment. To understand the exact cause of the deterioration of the condition is possible only with a professional examination and a complete examination.

Symptoms of manifestation

Every woman experiences PMS differently. This is due to the fact that any organism has its own individual characteristics. Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome are divided into the following groups:

Vegetovascular. Jumps in blood pressure, vomiting, severe headache, nausea, tachycardia, dizziness and pain in the region of the heart.
Neuropsychic. Depression, tearfulness, aggression and irritability.
Exchange-endocrine. Edema, fever, chills, chest pain, itching, thirst, shortness of breath, blurred vision, memory loss.

Conventionally, premenstrual syndrome is divided into several forms, but at the same time its signs do not occur in isolation, but in combination. So, in a depressive state, a woman's pain threshold is significantly reduced, and she begins to feel spasms and pain more strongly.

Forms of PMS:

Women most often suffer from irritability, pain in the mammary glands, bloating, tearfulness, headache and swelling before the onset of menstruation. Weakness, abdominal pain, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and weight gain are much less common.

It is worth remembering that PMS can exacerbate the following diseases:

Common Causes

There are many factors that can influence the development of PMS. Unfortunately, gynecologists and endocrinologists could not come to a common opinion. Common causes of unpleasant symptoms are:

Differences from pregnancy

Some signs of PMS are very similar to the first symptoms of pregnancy, which occur before the delay. The thing is that from the moment of conception in the blood of a woman, the level of sex hormone increases. The same process is observed before the onset of menstruation. That is why these states are confused. Similar symptoms:

rapid onset of fatigue;
lower back pain;
increased sensitivity and swelling of the mammary glands;
mood swings;
irritability;
vomit;
nausea.

Guessing over the causes of unpleasant symptoms, it is recommended to compare their nature. So, with PMS, discomfort in the chest disappears with the onset of menstruation, and during pregnancy it continues to disturb until the very end. In an interesting position, girls have a desire to eat inedible things, drink beer with salted fish. In addition, their sense of smell is aggravated and they begin to feel sick from the usual smells. With the syndrome, sensitivity to aromas also appears, but there is no particular food cravings, just an increase in appetite.

As for lower back pain, pregnant women do not always worry about them at the beginning of their term. Fatigue appears already from 4 weeks of gestation. That's when toxicity occurs. At the same time, the stomach may sip a little, but this does not last very long.

Before menstruation, the back begins to hurt either immediately after ovulation, or a few days before the onset of discharge. Discomfort in the lower abdomen is not for everyone, since this symptom is very individual. Frequent urination cannot be a harbinger of critical days. But nausea and even vomiting are quite common.

Of course, it is difficult to determine exactly what is happening in the body. Often, at very early dates, when a new life is just emerging, even an experienced gynecologist cannot determine pregnancy when viewed on a chair. In such cases, he appoints an ultrasound for a more accurate check. If it is not possible to visit a specialist, it is recommended to wait for the delay and take a pregnancy test or take a blood test for hCG.

Diagnostic methods

Remembering the date of the beginning and end of menstruation is not easy, it is quickly forgotten. To facilitate the task, it is recommended to keep a diary or calendar, where you will need to record not only the course of menstruation, but also indicators of basal temperature, symptoms and changes in weight. This approach should be followed for 2-3 cycles to simplify the diagnosis and treatment of PMS.

You can determine the severity of the premenstrual period by the duration of the signs and their intensity:

Easy flow. A maximum of 4 mild symptoms or 2 severe symptoms are observed.
Heavy form. 2 to 5 intense symptoms. It is also diagnosed if at least one sign deprives a woman of working capacity.

Cyclicity distinguishes PMS from the pathological manifestations of other diseases of the reproductive system. Feeling worse 2-10 days before menstruation. Unpleasant symptoms do not always go away with the onset of spotting. Often they flow into menstrual migraine or painful critical days. PMS can be distinguished from pathology by the following features:

If a girl feels good in the first half of the cycle, then diseases such as fibrocystic, neurosis and depression are excluded.
Endometriosis, dysmenorrhea and chronic endometritis are manifested by intermenstrual bloody discharge and pain at the end of the cycle.

Gynecologists, in order to establish the degree of pre-monthly syndrome, conduct a hormonal analysis for progesterone and estradiol. In addition, the specialist prescribes an additional examination of the patient. Depending on the complaints, the following procedures may be prescribed to her:

Neurologists, psychiatrists, endocrinologists, therapists and cardiologists are also involved in the diagnosis of patients who suffer from severe PMS.

Therapeutic Approaches

It is possible to achieve an improvement in well-being only with the complex treatment of premenstrual syndrome. It is selected individually according to many parameters. So, according to the course, form and symptoms PMS for a woman can be prescribed the following:

Preventive measures

If PMS does not allow you to live in peace, depriving you of working capacity, then, of course, you cannot get around without therapy. But sometimes this is not enough. After the end of the course of treatment, it is imperative to follow certain preventive measures. These include:

A balanced diet, intake of vitamins and minerals, physical activity, sex and sound sleep bring a positive mood and well-being, which lasts even before the onset of menstruation.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a complex of symptoms that occurs a few days (from 2 to 10) before the onset of menstruation and disappears in its first days. At other times, there are no PMS symptoms.

The condition includes neuropsychiatric disorders, vegetative-vascular and metabolic manifestations. Almost every woman has experienced the symptoms of PMS at some point. However, it is severe only in every tenth patient.

How and why premenstrual syndrome occurs

In the middle of the menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs in the ovary - an egg is released from a mature follicle. She begins to move through the abdominal cavity to the fallopian tube to meet with the sperm and fertilization. In place of the bursting follicle, a corpus luteum is formed - a formation with high hormonal activity. In some women, in response to such endocrine "bursts", the parts of the brain responsible for emotions, vascular reactions, and metabolic regulation react. Often this individual response is inherited from mother to daughter.

Previously, it was believed that PMS occurs more often in women with disturbed hormonal levels. Now doctors are sure that such patients have a regular ovulatory cycle, and in all other respects they are healthy.

Theories for the development of PMS:

hormonal;
water intoxication;
dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system;
lack of vitamins and fatty acids in the diet;
hyperprolactinemia;
allergy;
psychosomatic disorders.

With PMS, the relative content of estrogens increases with a relative decrease in the level of gestagens. Estrogens retain sodium and fluid in the body, causing swelling, flatulence, a headache, and chest pain. Estrogens activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, causing additional fluid retention. These sex hormones directly affect the area of the brain responsible for the formation of emotions (the limbic system). The level of potassium and glucose in the blood also decreases, which causes weakness, pain in the heart, decreased activity.

It depends on the level of gestagens how many days before menstruation PMS occurs. These hormones delay the onset of menstruation. They also determine how long premenstrual syndrome lasts.

As a result of a violation of the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, fluid retention occurs, which causes swelling of the intestinal wall. There is bloating, nausea, constipation.

The development of PMS contributes to the lack of vitamins, magnesium and unsaturated fatty acids in food. Some scientists believe that the result is depression, chest pain, irritability, and elevated body temperature.

Of particular importance in the mechanism of development of PMS is an increase in the level of prolactin in the second half of the cycle, an allergy to internal progesterone, as well as interconnected bodily (somatic) and mental (mental) changes.

Clinical picture

There are three groups of main symptoms that determine the severity of the condition:

neuropsychiatric disorders: tearfulness, depression, irritability;
vegetative-vascular changes: nausea and vomiting, headache and dizziness, palpitations, pain in the heart area, increased pressure;
metabolic disorders: breast enlargement, swelling, bloating, thirst and shortness of breath, itching, chills, fever, pain in the lower abdomen.

An aggravating factor in the course of PMS is depression. With her, women feel more pain and other unpleasant sensations, which can smoothly turn into painful menstruation and migraines.

Forms of premenstrual syndrome

PMS can occur in the following clinical forms:

neuro-psychic;
edematous;
cephalgic;
crisis.

The neuropsychic form is accompanied by emotional disturbances. Young women have a reduced mood background. In adulthood, aggressiveness and irritability become the leading sign.

The edematous form is accompanied by swelling of the legs, face, eyelids. Shoes become tight, rings don't fit well. Sensitivity to odors increases, bloating, skin itching appears. Due to fluid retention, weight increases (by 500-1000 g).

In the cephalgic form, the main symptom is a headache in the temples with spread to the orbit. It has a jerking, pulsating character, accompanied by dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Most of these women have changes in the pituitary gland.

The crisis form is manifested by sympathoadrenal attacks: blood pressure suddenly rises, pressing pain in the chest appears, fear of death. At the same time, a strong heartbeat, a feeling of numbness and coldness of the hands and feet are disturbing. The crisis usually occurs late in the day, ends with the release of urine in a large volume. This form is more often observed as an outcome of untreated previous variants.

Flow

When does PMS start? With a mild course, 2-10 days before menstruation, three to four signs appear, one or two of which are most pronounced. In severe cases, symptoms appear 3-14 days before menstruation. There are more than five of them, and at least two are pronounced.

The course of PMS in all patients is different. For some, symptoms appear at the same time and stop with the onset of menstruation. In other patients, more and more signs are recorded over the years. The condition is normalized only after the end of menstrual bleeding. In the most severe cases, the symptoms persist even after the cessation of menstruation, and the period without complaints is gradually reduced. In such a situation, a woman may even lose her ability to work. In some patients, cyclic ailments continue after the onset of menopause. There is a so-called transformed PMS.

The mild course of PMS is accompanied by the appearance of a small number of symptoms, mild malaise, without limiting the normal rhythm of life. In more severe situations, the signs of this condition affect family life, working capacity, conflicts with others may appear. In severe cases, especially during a crisis course, a woman cannot work and needs to issue a certificate of incapacity for work.

Diagnostics

PMS is a clinical diagnosis based on the analysis of symptoms, their severity, and the cyclical occurrence. An examination by a gynecologist is prescribed, the genital organs are performed. For proper hormonal therapy, it is necessary to determine the level of sex and other hormones in the blood.

The patient is consulted by a neurologist, if necessary - a psychiatrist, ophthalmologist, endocrinologist. She may be assigned to such studies as electroencephalography, computed tomography of the brain, ultrasound of the kidneys,.

Only after a comprehensive examination and observation, the gynecologist makes such a diagnosis and prescribes treatment.

PMS treatment

How to relieve premenstrual syndrome? To this end, the following scheme is recommended:

psychotherapy;
proper nutrition;
physiotherapy;
physiotherapy;
treatment of premenstrual syndrome drugs.

Psychotherapy

Rational psychotherapy helps to get rid of such unpleasant symptoms as excessive emotionality, mood swings, tearfulness or aggressiveness. For this purpose, methods of psycho-emotional relaxation are used, stabilizing behavioral techniques. A woman is taught how to relieve PMS, help to cope with the fear of the onset of menstruation.

It is very useful to conduct psychotherapeutic sessions not only with a woman, but also with her relatives. Relatives learn to better understand the patient's condition. Conversations with the close environment of the patient improve the microclimate in the family. Through psychosomatic mechanisms, it is possible to improve the physical condition of the patient, to alleviate the objective manifestations of premenstrual syndrome.

Lifestyle and nutrition

In the diet, it is necessary to increase the content of vegetable fiber. It normalizes the work of the intestines, removes excess fluid from the body. The daily diet should consist of 75% carbohydrates (mostly complex), 15% protein and only 10% fat. The use of fats must be limited, as they affect the participation of the liver in the exchange of estrogen. It is better to avoid beef as well, as it often contains small doses of artificially introduced hormones. Thus, fermented milk products will be the most useful source of protein for PMS.

It is useful to increase the consumption of juice, in particular, carrot juice with the addition of lemon. Recommended herbal teas with the addition of mint, lemon balm, valerian. Herbal sedative for PMS helps to cope with emotional disorders, improve sleep and overall well-being.

You should abandon the excess of salt, spices, limit the consumption of chocolate and meat. Alcoholic beverages should not be consumed, as they reduce the body's content of B vitamins, minerals, and change the metabolism of carbohydrates. The work of the liver suffers, which can lead to a violation of estrogen metabolism and an increase in the severity of the condition.

You do not need to take many drinks with caffeine (tea, coffee, Coca-Cola) during PMS. Caffeine causes fluid retention, disrupts sleep, and contributes to neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, it enhances the engorgement of the mammary glands.

Preparations for the treatment of PMS

If you have symptoms of PMS, you should consult a doctor. He will tell you how to deal with his symptoms using medications. Consider the main groups of drugs for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome.

After examination by a gynecologist, if an increased content of estrogens (absolute or relative hyperestrogenism) is detected, gestagens are prescribed. These include Duphaston, Norkolut and others. Gonadotropin-releasing factor agonists, in particular, Danazol, also have an antiestrogenic effect.
Antihistamines are prescribed in connection with an increase in the level of histamine and serotonin in such patients. Tavegil, Suprastin are usually used at night starting two days before the expected onset of PMS and ending with the first day of menstruation.
To normalize the functioning of the brain structures responsible for vascular regulation and mental disorders, nootropics are prescribed - Nootropil, Aminalon, starting from the first day of menstruation for two weeks. Such courses are repeated for three months in a row, then they take a break.
If, after determining the level of hormones, an increase in the level of prolactin is detected, Parlodel (bromocriptine) is prescribed, starting two days before the expected onset of PMS, for 10 days.
In the presence of pronounced edema, the appointment of a diuretic with a potassium-sparing effect of Veroshpiron, which is an aldosterone antagonist, is indicated. Assign it 4 days before the deterioration of health and stop taking it with the onset of menstruation. If the edematous syndrome is manifested by a headache, visual impairment, it is recommended to use Diakarb.
In the presence of pain, the main means for the treatment of PMS are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, in particular, Diclofenac. It is prescribed two days before the deterioration of health. These drugs inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, biologically active substances that cause many of the symptoms of PMS. Course treatment is carried out for three months. The effect of such a course lasts up to four months after its termination. Then PMS symptoms return, but are usually less intense.
Excessive emotionality, depressive disorders, neurosis may be an indication for the appointment of tranquilizers. There are special "day" drugs that do not suppress normal activity, in particular, Grandaxin and Afobazol. Antipsychotics and antidepressants may be used. These drugs are prescribed by a psychiatrist. They need to be taken continuously for 3-6 months.
Vitamins A and E have a beneficial effect on the female reproductive system, including reducing the severity of premenstrual syndrome. They are taken orally or injected intramuscularly for a month, alternating with each other. With the appearance of anxiety and depressive disorders in the second half of the cycle, magnesium preparations and vitamin B6 are prescribed.

PMS is treated in cycles. In the first three months, a diet, herbal sedatives, vitamins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used. Then make a break in treatment for 3-6 months. When the symptoms of PMS return, other drugs with more serious effects are added to the treatment. Don't expect a quick effect. Therapy should be carried out for a long time, accompanied by a modification of nutrition and lifestyle.

Women are by nature emotional individuals. However, it happens that a lady's emotions arise for no reason at all. And most of the time they are negative. What could it be, why is this happening? We will look for the answer to this question in this article.

Abbreviation

Probably every lady knows what these three letters mean - PMS. Decoding, symptoms - that's what I want to talk about. So, this is a kind of condition of a lady, which is called “premenstrual syndrome” in medicine. This is a special symptom complex that occurs in the fair sex about a week or two before the onset of menstruation. This condition has an individual character and is special for each lady. I would like to say that this symptom also has several other names in medical practice. If a woman hears the phrases “cyclic illness”, “premenstrual tension syndrome” or “premenstrual illness”, it will all be related to one problem - PMS.

What happens to the body

We further consider the topic: "PMS, decoding, symptoms." I also want to say a few words about what exactly is happening at this time with the female body. It is important to clarify that all the symptoms will be observed in the second phase of the menstrual cycle. In this case, the vegetovascular, endocrine and neuropsychological systems can most often be affected.

Some statistics

I would also like to say a few words about who is most susceptible to such a problem as PMS. Symptoms of this disease will be observed most often in girls of the asthenic type, that is, thin ladies, as well as individuals prone to stress and mental disorders. As for the statistics, doctors say that this disorder most often affects the fair sex over the age of 30 years. Until this time, the symptoms of the disease are observed in only 20% of girls.

Classification of symptoms

If a woman suffers from a problem such as PMS, the symptoms may belong to one of the following rather extensive groups.

Neuropsychic.
Edema.
Cephalgic.
Crisis.
Atypical.

Neuropsychic group of symptoms

Let us consider in more detail such a problem as PMS. The symptoms may belong to the neuropsychic group. Here we will talk about the most, probably, the most common problem of all ladies - emotional. What symptoms will be observed in this case:

insomnia;
irritability;
weakness;
instability of mood, its rapid change (from laughter to tears);
tearfulness;
aggression;
causeless longing;
fatigue;
feeling of fear;
depressive mood (the emergence of negative thoughts, up to suicidal).

Against this background, many women have various problems associated with the sexual sphere, olfactory and auditory disorders. The following problems may also occur: breast engorgement, loss of appetite, bloating, dizziness, general malaise.

edematous form of PMS

We consider further such a problem as PMS. Symptoms with its edematous form - that's what we'll talk about now. The main problems here will relate to fluid retention in the tissues. What, then, can happen to the female body?

Swelling of the face.
Swelling of the extremities.
Weight gain.
Thirst.
Reduced urination.

In this case, these symptoms may be accompanied by dizziness, profuse sweating, skin itching, as well as digestive disorders (diarrhea, constipation, flatulence).

Cephalgic form of PMS

What other indicators differ in PMS in women? Symptoms may be associated with the vegetative-vascular system and neuralgia. What will happen to the lady in this case?

Headache (up to migraine-like attacks).
Increased heart rate, pain in the heart area may be observed.
Nervousness.
Great sensitivity to sounds, smells.
Insomnia.

As for the headache, it is likely to be accompanied by nausea, dizziness, strong throbbing in the temples, and swelling of the eyelids. It is also worth mentioning that this form of symptoms is most often characteristic of those ladies who have suffered traumatic brain injuries, severe stress and infections. In addition, it can be observed in those women who have problems with the cardiovascular system and the gastrointestinal tract.

Crisis form of PMS

This is a more serious form of PMS in women. Symptoms in this case will have a certain procedural character. That is, this crisis will have its beginning, during which the following symptoms may be observed.

Pain in the region of the heart (without deviations in the indicators during the ECG).
Tachycardia is a rapid heartbeat.
Increasing pressure.
Panic fear.

In this case, most often the cycle of symptoms ends with profuse urination. Who is most affected by this form of PMS? These are women after 40 years of age, as well as those ladies who have problems with diseases of the kidneys, heart, and digestive tract.

Atypical forms

There are also atypical forms of PMS. Symptoms:

body temperature can rise to 37.5 ° C (this will happen precisely in the second phase of the cycle);
drowsiness;
headaches with visual impairment;
allergic reactions of a different nature.

However, all these symptoms are the least common in women, and therefore are called atypical, which are observed very rarely and only in a very small percentage of women suffering from PMS.

About gravity

It will not be a secret to anyone that the symptoms of PMS in girls differ. For some, they are insignificant, someone suffers more than others at this time. It is worth saying that the severity of the course of this problem is affected precisely by the symptoms that are observed in the lady. There are two types of PMS.

Light. In this case, the lady has from one to 4 of the symptoms listed above. Everything happens about 5-10 days before the onset of menstruation.
Heavy. In this case, the number of symptoms ranges from 4 to 12. They can appear a week or two before the onset of spotting. In this case, several symptoms will be expressed very clearly and distinctly. Also, the lady will experience a disability.

About stages

Having considered the question of what symptoms a woman may have with PMS, I would also like to tell you that this problem has three stages of its development.

stage of compensation. Here, the symptoms appear in a woman in the second phase of the menstrual cycle. However, the course of the syndrome does not progress over the years.
subcompensation stage. In this case, the number of signs increases over time, and their severity may also worsen. It is important to say that the symptoms of PMS do not disappear during bleeding.
stage of decompensation. This is a very severe course of PMS, when symptoms are observed almost throughout the entire cycle. In this case, there are only “light” enlightenments.

About the reasons

Women may also be interested in the question of why some ladies have PMS. Symptoms of this problem can most often occur after stress, neuroinfections, abortions, and other operations. Also, the background is created by a variety of gynecological problems that may occur in women. What other causes of PMS syndrome are identified by doctors?

Hormonal fluctuations (theory 1: violation of the correct ratio of such hormones in the body of a lady as estrogen and progesterone; theory 2: hyperactivity of the hormone prolactin, which causes sodium and water retention in the body).
Pathologies associated with the thyroid gland.
Violation of the water-salt balance of the body.
Deficiency of B vitamins, as well as a lack of magnesium, zinc and calcium.
Genetic predisposition can also cause this syndrome in a lady.
Psychogenic factors: frequent stress, problems in the family or at work.

About delay

Some ladies are also interested in the question "will there be PMS symptoms with a delay?" This, of course, is possible. Symptoms may come at the right time, but spotting may be late. Here you need, first of all, to figure out why there is a delay in menstruation: the cause may be simple stress, or maybe pregnancy.

About pregnancy

You also need to answer the following question "is a tandem possible: symptoms of PMS and pregnancy." This cannot be. After all, during the bearing of a child, the work of the ovaries is blocked. However, some indicators can be observed in a lady during this special condition. So, it can be, for example, irritability or a change in appetite. But all these symptoms are relevant not only for one problem (PMS), but also for other states of the lady. It is also important for women to be able to distinguish between the symptoms of PMS during a delay, so as not to confuse them with the first indicators of pregnancy (and they are often very similar).

Diagnostics

In order to correctly diagnose a woman with PMS, you must first seek help from a gynecologist. Only after a thorough study of all the symptoms that are observed in a lady, a qualified doctor will be able to make a competent diagnosis, having determined the form and severity of the course of this syndrome. However, the doctor may need additional research. In this case, a woman can be sent for examination to other specialists.

You may need to consult a neurologist or psychiatrist. An MRI, CT scan, or x-ray of the skull may also be ordered.
The doctor may prescribe encephalography to assess the condition of the vessels of the brain, if the main symptom of the lady is severe headaches.
If a lady has problems with chest pain, a consultation with a mammologist, as well as an ultrasound of the mammary glands, may be prescribed.
If a woman has an edematous form of PMS, she may be prescribed various urine tests: collection of daily diuresis, Zimnitsky or Roberg test.

Also, the gynecologist will most likely advise the lady to keep a diary of PMS symptoms in order to better deal with this problem.

What to do?

It is also very important to educate women about how to reduce PMS symptoms. To do this, you can use a variety of methods. One of them is completely safe for the woman's body, as it does not require the use of medicines. What can a lady do in this case?

Changing nutrition. To avoid the vivid expression of PMS symptoms, a woman can try to adjust her diet two weeks before the onset of spotting. To do this, you need to reduce the consumption of salt and sugar (minimize); avoid alcohol consumption; completely exclude from the diet products that contain various additives and flavors; you need to limit the intake of animal fats to the maximum, because they are the main source of cholesterol, which affects blood circulation; butter is best replaced with vegetable oil; Eat plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits.
It is also good to start a healthy lifestyle. To do this, you need to go in for sports (this will significantly increase the endurance of the body); get enough rest (the body needs 7-8 hours of sleep at night), while going to bed before 23-00; do not burden the nervous system, avoiding stressful situations; breathing exercises, yoga, relaxation practices - having mastered these activities, you can avoid such problems as PMS.
Are there other ways to relieve PMS symptoms? Of course! It is good at this time for a woman to also pamper herself. This will help to cope with tearfulness, bad thoughts and bad mood. In this case, you can arrange yourself shopping, an excursion to an interesting place. Or you can just try to always be in a cheerful company, which simply will not let you get bored.

Treatment

We further consider the topic: "PMS, symptoms." Treatment of this problem with medications - that's what I want to talk about. What, then, can a doctor prescribe to his patient? Here it will be necessary to look at a special symptomatology. After all, the treatment will depend on the form to which the symptoms accompanying the woman belong. However, almost always the doctor will prescribe sedatives, that is, sedatives. This can be either the simplest drug "Valerian", or a more serious set of sedatives, for example, drugs such as "Glycine" or "Glicised". Also, the doctor may prescribe diuretics if the lady has an edematous form of PMS. The modern method of treating this problem is the use of hormone therapy. However, it should be prescribed only on the basis of the analyzes performed. Self-medication in this case is very dangerous.

Traditional medicine

Our grandmothers can also tell us how to relieve the symptoms of PMS. After all, there are a huge number of different folk remedies that help to cope with this problem.

We fight puffiness

If a woman suffers from an edematous form of PMS, then she can try to prepare herself a medicine from horsetail. You need to take 30 grams of this dry herb, pour a glass of boiling water. Let the medicine brew for no more than 10 minutes. After that, the liquid is filtered. You need to take it in a glass 2-3 times a day after meals.

Dealing with irritability

Motherwort grass will help to calm the nervous system during PMS very well. To prepare the medicine, you need to take one tablespoon of finely chopped herbs, pour a glass of boiling water, leave for about an hour. Take this remedy should be one glass twice a day, morning and evening. You can do this regardless of the meal.

Dealing with mood swings

Mood swings are common symptoms before PMS. In this case, you can prepare yourself a relaxing bath. To do this, you need to take 20 grams of the following herbs: lemon balm, wormwood, yarrow, oregano, peppermint leaves and calamus roots. All this is poured with 10 liters of boiling water, infused for about half an hour, cooled. Now you need to prepare the bath correctly: the temperature of the water in it should be approximately 37-38 ° C. After that, the infusion is added to the water. Bath time - no more than 15 minutes. During PMS, you can make yourself such a bath no more than once a day.

Massage

Massage is a very good way to cope with the symptoms of PMS. In this case, you just need to know how to properly and which parts of the body need to be massaged.

Massage of the rectus and oblique abdominal muscles. For this, stroking, shaking, kneading, vibrations are used.
Massaging pain points that are in the pubic area and lower back. Rubbing, pressing.
Massage of the gluteal region. Rubbing, stroking, kneading, vibration.

The massage course is designed for approximately 5-10 procedures for 10 minutes. In this case, a woman can both lie down and stand.

Minerals

Traditional healers also say that special stones - minerals can help to cope with PMS. In the form of jewelry, ladies in this case constantly need to wear pearls, tiger's eye, topaz, diamond, hematite or amber. It is believed that these stones are in perfect harmony with "feminine nature", helping girls to cope with exclusively feminine problems.

Prevention

If a woman suffers from PMS, various preventive measures can be tried. What should you pay attention to in this case? So, you need to correctly adjust your diet, devote enough time to charging and physical activity. It is also very important to avoid all kinds of stressful situations and overexertion of the nervous system. To do this, it is good to master yoga, breathing and relaxation techniques. And, of course, you need to have enough time to rest and constantly be in a positive mood. Already observing all these fairly simple recommendations, you can avoid severe forms of the course of premenstrual syndrome.

The course of the menopause, as well as premenstrual syndrome, is often accompanied by the manifestation of unpleasant symptoms that contribute to a violation of the general well-being and a decrease in the quality of life of a woman. In this review, we will pay attention to the course of PMS during menopause, and also consider in more detail what each of these conditions is and methods for mitigating the symptoms that appear.

Menopause

Natural menopause in most cases can cause symptoms such as:

flushes and feeling of sudden heat followed by chills;
disorders of the psycho-emotional state with manifestations of a tendency to depression;
decreased sexual activity and;
increased urge to urinate, with the formation of a habit or a frequent desire for nightly adventures "in a small way";
increased risk of developing infectious lesions of the genitourinary system;
reduction in the size of the mammary glands and loss of their elasticity;
and loss of elasticity of the skin;
changes in the structure of hair and nail plates;
the formation of a feeling of dryness in the intimate area and other comorbidities.

In most cases, the onset of menopause occurs after 43-44 years. But there is both an early stage of the onset of menopause, which occurs in the age group of women under 37-38 years old, and a late form of menopause, which occurs after the 55th anniversary. Such a difference in the age transitions of the female body to menopause is due to the individual characteristics of each woman.

Menopause is a rather long life period in the life of women, which can last from 5 to 10 years, manifested by changes in the menstrual cycle, its course and duration. Menstruation becomes more and more scarce and can come once every 2-3 months, or even once every six months. If menstrual flow does not appear for 12 months, then this indicates.

For a rather long period of time during menopause in the female body, there is a complete extinction of the functioning of her reproductive system. Even taking into account the fact that the duration of human life has increased significantly in recent years, nevertheless, according to statistics, it comes at the turn of 45 and 50 years.

An important factor is the intimate side of women's life, which completely affects the duration of the fertile period and the onset of menopause. It follows that if a woman stops intimate relations with a sexual partner early (sexual intercourse), then the menopause may come earlier than the age of her natural onset.

In the event that a woman does not refuse from a sexual partner and maintains an intimate relationship, then the menopausal period may be delayed for several years.

If, in the premenopausal period, the egg is fertilized and pregnancy occurs, then a successful delivery will contribute to a longer extension of the physiological and psychological youth of the woman.

The first signs of the onset of menopause

The first signs signaling the onset of the menopause include violations of the psycho-emotional state of a woman. If you are late, you need to take a pregnancy test. And if the result is negative, then it is necessary to consult with a qualified specialist to prevent the risk of developing serious pathological processes and prescribe a timely scheme.

Also, do not forget that under the influence of hormonal changes in the body, the functioning of the cardiovascular system of organs is disrupted. This can cause the following symptoms to appear:

manifestations of puffiness;
the formation of migraines of varying duration;
increased functioning of the sweat glands with excessive sweating;
frequent with the appearance of small dots before the eyes;
development of hypertension;
decrease in the level of sensitivity;
manifestation of spasm of the vascular walls.

An important factor is that the presence of the above symptoms in a woman may not in every case indicate the presence of menopause. There are women in whom this period can be asymptomatic, only along with a decrease in the level of menstrual flow and their further complete cessation.

Changes in the endocrine system of organs characterized by impaired performance of the thyroid and pancreas, adrenal glands also pose a kind of threat during the menopause. These changes can contribute to the formation of such pathological conditions as active under the influence of an unreasonable feeling of hunger, the appearance of chronic fatigue and pain in the joints.

A characteristic feature of menopause is that the manifestation of the acute form of its symptoms is mainly observed with its early onset. If the menopause has come in a timely manner, then such manifestations will be in a less pronounced form.

Mitigation of the symptoms of early menopause

Often, women who are faced with the early onset of the menopausal period cannot tolerate all its manifestations, which contribute to the deterioration of not only the general condition, but also the violation of the psycho-emotional side of the nervous system and a decrease in the standard of living.

In such situations, when menopausal manifestations become too painful, and there is no strength left to endure them, it is necessary to seek help from qualified specialists who can prescribe the correct treatment regimen through.

Taking hormonal drugs will greatly alleviate all the symptoms that appear and will help improve the general condition.

What is PMS?

Premenstrual syndrome is a certain combination of manifesting symptoms that have the nature of a negative impact on the psycho-emotional and physical state of health that occurs on the eve of the onset of menstrual days.

Some women, being in adulthood and waiting for the onset of menopause, often cannot determine what exactly is happening with their body and what specifically manifests itself at one time or another: does PMS or menopause begin? And this is no coincidence. PMS in most cases causes the following symptoms:

the occurrence and general malaise throughout the body;
the formation of headaches, as well as pain in the joints;
increased sensitivity in the area of the mammary glands;
the appearance of puffiness;
active set of extra pounds;
occurrence in the lower abdomen with a pulling character;
increased irritability, tearfulness, distraction, irascibility;
possible occurrence of attacks of aggression;
fatigue in a chronic form.

Due to the presence of such a wide range of PMS symptoms, there are several forms of premenstrual syndrome:

neuropsychic form, including all changes in the psycho-emotional state;
cephalgic form, which consists in the formation of increasing pain symptoms in the head area;
crisis form, which consists in the formation of disorders of the respiratory system of organs;
edematous form of PMS.

Causes of PMS

The main reasons contributing to the occurrence of premenstrual syndrome are in the body of a woman and regular exposure to stressful situations. Also, an important role in the manifestation of premenstrual syndrome is played by women's obsession with maintaining a normal level of their psycho-emotional state and general health.

In other words, we can say that the less often women think about PMS and pay attention to various little things, the easier it will be for this period to pass before the onset of critical days.

Methods of treatment of premenstrual syndrome

Treatment of PMS consists in conducting psychotherapy and a thorough study of the behavior of a woman and their subsequent adjustment, which is presented in the following set of sequential actions:

providing the patient with detailed information about the problems that have arisen in her body and possible ways to solve it;
training to help cope with stressful situations;
adjustment of the diet, which consists in the exclusion of foods such as salt, coffee, tea, alcohol, chocolate on the days of menstruation and enrichment of the diet and microelements;
performing exercises from the exercise therapy complex that contribute to the normalization of the functioning of the whole organism;
structuring the daily regimen with the correct distribution of physical activity and;
introduction into the habitual life of maintaining a calendar for menstrual cycles and PMS.

In the event that psychotherapy does not have the desired effect, then specialists prescribe a treatment regimen with medications from the group of hormone-containing drugs, diuretic drugs and a spectrum of action, as well as blockers of ovulatory processes and vitamin complexes.

Therefore, regardless of what a woman manifests: PMS, or menopause, or premenstrual syndrome in premenopause, important aspects that can effectively mitigate all unpleasant manifestations are the right diet, a healthy lifestyle, an active sex life and a positive attitude.

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